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Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

Paintings

Aqueduct

Edge of Lake Nemi

Gypsy Girl at a Fountain

Morning on the Estuary, Ville d'Avray

Mother and Child on a Beach

Mother Protecting Her Child

Pollard Willows

View in Holland

Ville d'Avray

Wall, Cotes-du-Nord, Brittany


The Burning of Sodom (formerly The Destruction of Sodom )


Hagar in the Wilderness


A Flood


A Wagon in the Plains of Artois


Avignon from the West


Cows in a Marshy Landscape


Dardagny, Morning


Evening on the Lake


Landscape at Arleux-du-Nord


Monsieur Pivot on Horseback


Peasants under the Trees at Dawn


Sketch of a Woman in Bridal Dress


Souvenir of a Journey to Coubron


Souvenir of Palluel


Summer Morning


The Leaning Tree Trunk


The Marsh at Arleux


The Oak in the Valley


The Roman Campagna, with the Claudian Aqueduct


The Seine near Rouen


The Wagon (Souvenir of Saintry)


The Wood Gatherer

Agostina , the Italian

View of Villeneuve-les-Avignon


The artist's studio


View from the Boboli Gardens in Florence


Breton Women at the Well


Bridge of Narni, Augustus bridge over the Nera


Castel Gandolfo


Château de Rosny


The letter


Memory of Coubron


Memory of Marissel


Memory of Morte Fontaine


Memory of Pierrefonds

Woman in Blue


Woman in Blue, detail


Woman with Mandolin


Woman with daisies


Belfry of Douai


Hagar in the desert


Hayrides


Honfleur. Calvary on the Cote de Grace


Cottages with mill on the bank of the stream


Interior of the Cathedral of Sens


Italian woman with pitcher


Nantes Cathedral


Nantes Cathedral


Church of Marissel


La Rochelle harbor entrance


La Zingara


landscape Castel Gandolfo


Woman Reading


Reading girl in red shirt


Girl in the greenery


Marietta ( The Roman Odalisque )


Portrait of a Mother Superior


Portrait of Octavie Sennegon


Portrait of Louis Robert as a Child


Portrait of Madame Charmois


Resting Under the willows by the water


Rome, Colosseum and Farnese Gardens


Rome , Forum, and the Farnese Gardens


Seated woman with breast uncovered


St- André-en -Morvan


City and Lake Como


Road to Sin-Le-Noble


Stormy Weather . Banks of the Pas-de-Calais


Dance of the Nymphs , detail


Pond Ville d'Avray


Forest of Fontainebleau ( The Oak )


Forest at Ville d' Avray input


Way to Sèvres


Drawings

Tree landscape on the lake


The forest of Coubron


The big birch, memory of Ariccia


Nude Girl in Landscape


Monte Soracte


Nepi , near Rome


Portrait of a child with doll



Portrait of a girl with beret



Study from the forest of Compiègne


Illustrations

Creek under trees


Trees in the mountains


Praying Magdalena


Dante and Virgil


The bath


The bath of the Shepherd


The Feast of Pan


The grave of Sémiramis


The young girl and Death


The meeting in the grove


The boaters


The poet and the muse


The Cathedral of Florence


The Lonely Tower


The garden of Pericles


The summit of La Belle Forière


The great lumberjack


The Ambush


The cart


The church tower


The Little Shepherd


The Little Shepherd


The Little Shepherd


The Artist in Italy


The rider in the reeds


The Dreamer


The Dreamer under the big trees


The tower on the other side


The Tower of Henri VIII


The forest of the hermit


The home of the poet


The Avenue of Painters


The lonely fortress


The Gardens of Horace


The children of the farm


The little sister


The cool source


The cow pasture


The landscape in Genoa


The reading under the trees


The paladins


The rest of the philosophers


The banks of the Po


The watermill


The gust of wind


A lake in Tirol


A family in Terracine


Memory of Antibes


Memory of Bas- Bréau


The Valley of the Sun


Memory of the Lac Majeur


The lake of Nemi


The fortifications of Arras


Fortifications of Douai


Landscape at Monaco


Memory of the Sologne


Memories of Tuscany


Memories of Tuscany


The Villa Pamphili


Memory of Eza


Memory of Fampoux


Memory of Italy


Memory of Italy


Memory of Ostie


Memory of Salerno


Five motifs


Griffonnage


Big riders under trees


Hagar and the Angel


Shepherd , struggling with his goat


In the dunes


Young mother at the forest edge


Little riders under trees


Kneeling Magdalene


Cow with guardian


La Ronde gauloise


Landscape with trees


Landscape with tower


Landscape of Italy


Madame Rosalie


Orpheus and the beasts


Orpheus and Eurydice


Rest on the glade


Rider on the country


Riders and pedestrians in the forest


Rembrandt's lumberjack


Saltarelle


Sappho


Self Portrait of the Artist


Environments of Rome


Under Trees


Venus clipping Cupid's wings


Venus clipping Cupid's wings


Hide and seek


Ville d' Avray


Ville d' Avray


Visiting card of a cavalier


White willows and poplars

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Famous Artists - The Burning of Sodom by Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

The Burning of Sodom

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

Corot, by Sidney Allnutt

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (July 17, 1796[1] – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching. Corot was the leading painter of the Barbizon school of France in the mid-nineteenth century. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously references the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipates the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

Biography

Early life and training

Camille Corot was born in Paris in 1796, in a house at 125 Rue du Bac, now demolished. His family were bourgeois people—his father was a wigmaker and his mother a milliner—and unlike the experience of some of his artistic colleagues, throughout his life he never felt the want of money, as his parents made good investments and ran their businesses well.[2] After his parents married, they bought the millinery shop where she had worked and he gave up his career as a wigmaker to run the business side of the shop. The store was a famous destination for fashionable Parisians and earned the family an excellent income. Corot was the middle of three children born to the family, who lived above their shop during those years.[3]

Corot received a scholarship to study in Rouen, but left after having scholastic difficulties and entered a boarding school. He “was not a brilliant student, and throughout his entire school career he did not get a single nomination for a prize, not even for the drawing classes.”[3] Unlike many masters who demonstrated early talent and inclinations toward art, before 1815 Corot showed no such interest. During those years he lived with the Sennegon family, whose patriarch was a friend of Corot’s father and who spent much time with young Corot on nature walks. It was in this region that Corot made his first paintings after nature.[4] At nineteen, Corot was a “big child, shy and awkward. He blushed when spoken to. Before the beautiful ladies who frequented his mother’s salon, he was embarrassed and fled like a wild thing…Emotionally, he was an affectionate and well-behaved son, who adored his mother and trembled when his father spoke.”[5] When Corot’s parents moved into a new residence in 1817, the twenty-one year old Corot moved into the dormer-windowed room on the third floor, which became his first studio as well.[6]

With his father’s help he apprenticed to a draper, but he hated commercial life and despised what he called "business tricks”, yet he faithfully remained in the trade until he was 26, when his father consented to his adopting the profession of art. Later Corot stated, “I told my father that business and I were simply incompatible, and that I was getting a divorce.”[7] The business experience proved beneficial, however, by helping him develop an aesthetic sense through his exposure to the colors and textures of the fabrics. Perhaps out of boredom, he turned to oil painting around 1821 and began immediately with landscapes.[6] Starting in 1822 after the death of his sister, Corot began receiving a yearly allowance of 1500 francs which adequately financed his new career, studio, materials, and travel for the rest of his life. He immediately rented a studio on quai Voltaire.[8]

During the period when Corot acquired the means to devote himself to art, landscape painting was on the upswing and generally divided into two camps: one―historical landscape by Neoclassicists in Southern Europe representing idealized views of real and fancied sites peopled with ancient, mythological, and biblical figures; and two―realistic landscape, more common in Northern Europe, which was largely faithful to actual topography, architecture, and flora, and which often showed figures of peasants. In both approaches, landscape artists would typically begin with outdoor sketching and preliminary painting, with finishing work done indoors. Highly influential upon French landscape artists in the early 19th century was the work of Englishmen John Constable and J.M.W. Turner, who reinforced the trend in favor of Realism and away from Neoclassicism.[9]

For a short period between 1821–1822, Corot studied with Achille-Etna Michallon, a landscape painter of Corot’s age who was a protégé of the painter David and who was already a well-respected teacher. Michallon had a great influence on Corot’s career. Corot’s drawing lessons included tracing lithographs, copying three-dimensional forms, and making landscape sketches and paintings outdoors, especially in the forests of Fontainebleau, the seaports along Normandy, and the villages west of Paris such as Ville-d’Avray (where his parents had a country house).[10] Michallon also exposed him to the principles of the French Neoclassic tradition, as espoused in the famous treatise of theorist Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes, and exemplified in the works of French Neoclassicists Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin, whose major aim was the representation of ideal Beauty in nature, linked with events in ancient times.

Though this school was on the decline, it still held sway in the Salon, the foremost art exhibition in France attended by thousands at each event. Corot later stated, “I made my first landscape from nature…under the eye of this painter, whose only advice was to render with the greatest scrupulousness everything I saw before me. The lesson worked; since then I have always treasured precision.”[11] After Michallon’s early death in 1822, Corot studied with Michallon’s teacher, Jean-Victor Bertin, among the best known Neoclassic landscape painters in France, who had Corot draw copies of lithographs of botanical subjects to learn precise organic forms. Though holding Neoclassicists in the highest regard, Corot did not limit his training to their tradition of allegory set in imagined nature. His notebooks reveal precise renderings of tree trunks, rocks, and plants which show the influence of Northern realism. Throughout his career, Corot demonstrated an inclination to apply both traditions in his work, sometimes combining the two.[12]

First trip to Italy

With his parents' support, Corot followed the well-established pattern of French painters who went to Italy to study the masters of the Italian Renaissance and to draw the crumbling monuments of Roman antiquity. A condition by his parents before leaving was that he paint a self-portrait for them, his first. Corot’s stay in Italy from 1825 to 1828 was a highly formative and productive one, during which he completed over 200 drawings and 150 paintings.[13] He worked and traveled with several young French painters also studying abroad who painted together and socialized at night in the cafes, critiquing each other and gossiping. Corot learned little from the Renaissance masters (though later he cited Leonardo da Vinci as his favorite painter) and spent most of his time around Rome and in the Italian countryside.[14] The Farnese Gardens with its splendid views of the ancient ruins was a frequent destination, and he painted it at three different times of the day.[15] The training was particularly valuable in gaining an understanding of the challenges of both the mid-range and panoramic perspective, and in effectively placing man-made structures in a natural setting.[16] He also learned how to give buildings and rocks the effect of volume and solidity with proper light and shadow, while using a smooth and thin technique. Furthermore, placing suitable figures in a secular setting was a necessity of good landscape painting, to add human context and scale, and it was even more important in allegorical landscapes. To that end Corot worked on figure studies in native costume as well as nude.[17] During winter, he spent time in a studio but returned to work outside as quickly as weather permitted.[18] The intense light of Italy posed considerably challenges, “This sun gives off a light that makes me despair. It makes me feel the utter powerlessness of my palette.”[19] He learned to master the light and to paint the stones and sky in subtle and dramatic variation.

It was not only Italian architecture and light which captured Corot’s attention. The late-blooming Corot was entranced with Italian females as well, “They still have the most beautiful women in the world that I have met….their eyes, their shoulders, their hands are spectacular. In that, they surpass our women, but on the other hand, they are not their equals in grace and kindness…Myself, as a painter I prefer the Italian woman, but I lean toward the French woman when it comes to emotion.”[19] In spite of his strong attraction to women, he writes of his commitment to painting, “I have only one goal in life that I want to pursue faithfully: to make landscapes. This firm resolution keeps me from a serious attachment. That is to say, in marriage…but my independent nature and my great need for serious study make me take the matter lightly.”[19]
The Bridge at Narni, 1826. Oil on paper. Paris: Musée du Louvre. A product of one of the artist's youthful sojourns to Italy, and in Kenneth Clark's words "as free as the most vigorous Constable".

Striving for the Salon

During the six-year period following his first Italian visit and his second, Corot focused on preparing large landscapes for presentation at the Salon. Several of his salon paintings were adaptations of his Italian oil sketches reworked in the studio by adding imagined, formal elements consistent with Neoclassical principles.[20] An example of this was his first Salon entry, View at Narni (1827), where he took his quick, natural study of a ruin of a Roman aqueduct in dusty bright sun and transformed it into a falsely idyllic pastoral setting with giant shade trees and green lawns, a conversion meant to appeal to the Neoclassical jurors.[21] Many critics have valued highly his plein-air Italian paintings for their “germ of Impressionism”, their faithfulness to natural light, and their avoidance of academic values, even though they were intended as studies.[22] Several decades later, Impressionism revolutionized art by a taking a similar approach—quick, spontaneous painting done in the out-of-doors; however, where the Impressionists used rapidly applied, un-mixed colors to capture light and mood, Corot usually mixed and blended his colors to get his dreamy effects.

When out of the studio, Corot traveled throughout France, mirroring his Italian methods, and concentrated on rustic landscapes. He returned to the Normandy coast and to Rouen, the city he lived in as a youth.[23] Corot also did some portraits of friends and relatives, and received his first commissions. His sensitive portrait of his niece, Laure Sennegon, dressed in powder blue, was one of his most successful and was later donated to the Louvre.[24] He typically painted two copies of each family portrait, one for the subject and one for the family, and often made copies of his landscapes as well.[25] Corot exhibited one portrait and several landscapes at the Salon in 1831 and 1833.[26] His reception by the critics at the Salon was cool and Corot decided to return to Italy, having failed to satisfy them with his Neoclassical themes.

Mid-career

During his two return trips to Italy, he visited Northern Italy, Venice, and again the Roman countryside. In 1835, Corot created a sensation at the Salon with his biblical painting Agar dans le desert (Hagar in the Wilderness), which depicted Hagar, Sarah’s handmaiden, and the child Ishmael, dying of thirst in the desert until saved by an angel. The background was likely derived from an Italian study.[27] This time, Corot’s unanticipated bold, fresh statement of the Neoclassical ideal succeeded with the critics by demonstrating “the harmony between the setting and the passion or suffering that the painter chooses to depict in it.”[27] He followed that up with other biblical and mythological subjects but those paintings did not succeed as well, as the Salon critics found him wanting in comparisons with Poussin.[28] In 1837, he painted his earliest surviving nude, The Nymph of the Seine. Later, he advised his students “The study of the nude, you see, is the best lesson that a landscape painter can have. If someone knows how, without any tricks, to get down a figure, he is able to make a landscape; otherwise he can never do it.”[29]
Venise, La Piazzetta, 1835.

Through the 1840s, Corot continued to have his troubles with the critics (many of his works were flatly rejected for salon exhibition) nor were many works purchased by the public. While recognition and acceptance by the establishment came slowly, by 1845 Baudelaire led a charge pronouncing Corot the leader in the “modern school of landscape painting”. While some critics found Corot’s colors “pale” and his work having “naive awkwardness”, Baudelaire astutely responded, “M. Corot is more a harmonist than a colorist, and his compositions, which are always entirely free of pedantry, are seductive just because of their simplicity of color.”[30] In 1846, the French government decorated him with the cross of the Légion d'Honneur and in 1848 he was awarded a second-class medal at the Salon, but he received little state patronage as a result.[31] His only commissioned work was a religious painting for a baptismal chapel painted in 1847, in the manner of the Renaissance masters.[32] Though the establishment kept holding back, other painters acknowledged Corot’s growing stature. In 1847, Delacroix noted in his journal, “Corot is a true artist. One has to see a painter in his own place to get an idea of his worth…Corot delves deeply into a subject: ideas come to him and he adds while working; it’s the right approach.”[33] Upon Delacroix’s recommendation, the painter Constant Dutilleux, bought a Corot painting and began a long and rewarding relationship with the artist, bringing him friendship and patrons.[33] Corot’s public treatment dramatically improved after the Revolution of 1848, when he was admitted as a member of the Salon jury.[34] He was promoted to an officer of the Salon in 1867.

Having forsaken any long-term relationships with women, Corot remained very close to his parents even in his fifties. A contemporary said of him, “Corot is a man of principle, unconsciously Christian; he surrenders all his freedom to his mother…he has to beg her repeatedly to get permission to go out…for dinner every other Friday.”[35] Apart from his frequent travels, Corot remained closely tethered to his family until his parents died, then at last he gained the freedom to go as he pleased.[36] That freedom allowed him to take on students for informal sessions. Future Impressionist Camille Pissarro was briefly among them.[33] Corot’s vigor and perceptive advice impressed his students. Charles Daubigny stated, “He’s a perfect Old Man Joy, this Father Corot. He is altogether a wonderful man, who mixes jokes in with his very good advice.”[37] Another student said of Corot, “the newspapers had so distorted Corot, putting Theocritus and Virgil in his hands, that I was quite surprised to find him knowing neither Greek nor Latin…His welcome is very open, very free, very amusing: he speaks or listens to you while hopping on one foot or on two; he sings snatches of opera in a very true voice”, but he has a “shrewd, biting side carefully hidden behind his good nature.”[38]

By the mid-1850s, Corot’s increasingly impressionistic style began to get the recognition that fixed his place in French art. “M. Corot excels…in reproducing vegetation in its fresh beginnings; he marvelously renders the firstlings of the new world.”[39] From the 1850s on, Corot painted many landscape souvenirs and paysages, dreamy imagined paintings of remembered locations from earlier visits painted with lightly and loosely dabbed strokes.[40]

Later years
Plaque on the home of Camille Corot where he died 22 February 1875 at: 56, rue du Faubourg-Poissionnière, Paris, 10th arr.

In the 1860s, Corot was still mixing peasant figures with mythological ones, mixing Neoclassicism with Realism, causing one critic to lament, “If M. Corot would kill, once and for all, the nymphs of his woods and replace them with peasants, I should like him beyond measure.”[41] In reality, in later life his human figures did increase and the nymphs did decrease, but even the human figures were often set in idyllic reveries.

In later life, Corot’s studio was filled with students, models, friends, collectors, and dealers who came and went under the tolerant eye of the master, causing him to quip, “Why is it that there are ten of you around me, and not one of you thinks to relight my pipe.”[42] Dealers snapped up his works and his prices were often above 4,000 francs per painting.[37] With his success secured, Corot gave generously of his money and time. He became an elder of the artists’ community and would use his influence to gain commissions for other artists. In 1871 he gave £2000 for the poor of Paris, under siege by the Prussians. (see: Franco-Prussian War) During the actual Paris Commune he was at Arras with Alfred Robaut. In 1872 he bought a house in Auvers as a gift for Honoré Daumier, who by then was blind, without resources, and homeless. In 1875 he donated 10.000 francs to the widow of Millet in support of her children. His charity was near proverbial. He also financially supported the upkeep of a day center for children on rue Vandrezanne in Paris. In later life, he remained a humble and modest man, apolitical and happy with his luck in life, and held close the belief that, “men should not puff themselves up with pride, whether they are emperors adding this or that province to their empires or painter who gain a reputation.”[43]

Despite great success and appreciation among artists, collectors, and the more generous critics, his many friends considered, nevertheless, that he was officially neglected, and in 1874, a short time before his death, they presented him with a gold medal.[44] He died in Paris of a stomach disorder aged 78 and was buried at Père Lachaise.

A number of followers called themselves Corot's pupils. The best known are Camille Pissarro, Eugène Boudin, Berthe Morisot, Stanislas Lépine, Antoine Chintreuil, François-Louis Français, Charles Le Roux, and Alexandre DeFaux.

The art of Corot

Corot was the leading painter of the Barbizon school of France in the mid-nineteenth century. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting. His work simultaneously references the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipates the plein-air innovations of Impressionism. Of him Claude Monet exclaimed "There is only one master here—Corot. We are nothing compared to him, nothing." His contributions to figure painting are hardly less important; Degas preferred his figures to his landscapes, and the classical figures of Picasso pay overt homage to Corot's influence.
Ville d’Avray, ca. 1867, oil on canvas. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art.

Historians somewhat arbitrarily divided his work into periods, but the point of division is never certain, as he often completed a picture years after he began it. In his early period, he painted traditionally and "tight"—with minute exactness, clear outlines, thin brush work, and with absolute definition of objects throughout. After his 50th year his methods changed to focus on breadth of tone and an approach to poetic power conveyed with thicker application of paint, and about 20 years later, from about 1865 onwards, his manner of painting became full of mystery and poetry, created with a more impressionistic touch. In part, this evolution in expression can be seen as marking the transition from the plein-air paintings of his youth, shot through with warm natural light, to the studio-created landscapes of his late maturity, enveloped in uniform tones of silver. In his final 10 years he became the "Père (Father) Corot" of Parisian artistic circles, where he was regarded with personal affection, and acknowledged as one of the five or six greatest landscape painters the world has seen, along with Hobbema, Claude Lorrain, Turner and Constable. In his long and productive life, he painted over 3,000 paintings.[45]

Corot approached his landscapes more traditionally than is usually believed. By comparing even his late period tree-painting and arrangements to those of Claude Lorrain, such as that which hangs in the Bridgewater gallery, the similarity in methods is seen. Compared to the Impressionists who came later, Corot’s palette is restrained, dominated with browns and blacks (“forbidden colors” among the Impressionists) along with dark and silvery green. Though appearing at times to be rapid and spontaneous, usually his strokes were controlled and careful, and his compositions well-thought out and generally rendered as simply and concisely as possible, heightening the poetic effect of the imagery. As he stated, “I noticed that everything that was done correctly on the first attempt was more true, and the forms more beautiful.”[46]

In the 1860s, Corot became interested in photography, taking photos himself and becoming acquainted with many early photographers, which had the effect of suppressing his painting palette even more in sympathy with the monochromic tones of photographs. This had the result of making his paintings even less dramatic but somewhat more poetic, a result which caused some critics to cite a monotony in his later output. Théophile Thoré wrote that Corot “has only a single octave, extremely limited and in a minor key; a musician would say. He knows scarcely more than a single time of day, the morning, and a single color, pale grey.”[47] Corot responded:

“What there is to see in painting, or rather what I am looking for, is the form, the whole, the value of the tones…That is why for me the color comes after, because I love more than anything else the overall effect, the harmony of the tones, while color gives you a kind of shock that I don’t like. Perhaps it is the excess of this principal that makes people say I have leaden tones.”[41]

In his aversion to shocking color, Corot sharply diverged from the up-and-coming Impressionists, who embraced experimentation with vivid hues.

In addition to the landscapes (so popular was the late style that there exist numerous forgeries), Corot produced a number of prized figure pictures. While the subjects were sometimes placed in pastoral settings, these were mostly studio pieces, drawn from the live model with both specificity and subtlety. Like his landscapes, they are characterized by a contemplative lyricism, with his late paintings L’Algerienne (Algerian Woman) and La Jeune Grecque (The Greek Girl) being fine examples.[48] Corot painted about fifty portraits, mostly of family and friends.[49] He also painted thirteen reclining nudes, with his Les Repos (1860) strikingly similar in pose to Ingres famous Le Grande Odalisque (1814), but Corot’s female is instead a rustic bacchante. In perhaps his last figure painting, ‘’Lady in Blue’’ (1874), Corot achieves an effect reminiscent of Degas, soft yet expressive. In all cases of his figure painting, the color is restrained and is remarkable for its strength and purity. Corot also executed many etchings and pencil sketches. Some of the sketches used a system of visual symbols—circles representing areas of light and squares representing shadow. He also experimented with the cliché-verre process—a hybrid of photography and engraving.[50] Starting in the 1830s, Corot also painted decorative panels and walls in the homes of friends, aided by his students.[51]

Corot summed up his approach to art around 1860, “I interpret with my art as much as with my eye.”[52]

The works of Corot are housed in museums in France and the Netherlands, Britain and America.
[edit] Forgeries

The strong market for Corot’s works and his relatively easy-to-imitate late painting style resulted in a huge production of Corot forgeries between 1870 and 1939. René Huyghe famously quipped that ”Corot painted three thousand canvases, ten thousand of which have been sold in America”. Although this is a humorous exaggeration, thousands of forgeries have been amassed, with the Jousseaume collection alone containing 2,414 such works.[53] Adding to the problem was Corot’s lax attitude which encouraged copying and forgery.[54] He allowed his students to copy his works and to even borrow the works for later return, he would touch up and sign student and collector copies, and he would loan works to professional copiers and to rental agencies.[55] According to Corot cataloguist Etienne Moreau-Nélaton, at one copying studio “The master’s complacent brush authenticated these replicas with a few personal and decisive retouching. When he was no longer there to finish his “doubles”, they went on producing them without him.”[56] The cataloging of Corot’s works in an attempt to separate the copies from the originals backfired when forgers used the publications as guides to expand and refine their bogus paintings.[57]

Popular culture

Two of Corot's works are featured and play an important role in the plot of the French film L'Heure d'été (English title Summer Hours). The film was produced by the Musee d'Orsay, and the two works were lent by the museum for the making of the film.

There is a street named Rue Corot on Île des Sœurs, Quebec, named for the artist.

Selected works

* The Bridge at Narni (1826)
* Venise, La Piazetta (1835)
* Une Matinée (1850), Musée d’Orsay
* Macbeth and the Witches (1859), Wallace Collection
* Baigneuses au Bord d'un Lac (1861), private collection
* Meadow by the Swamp, National Museum of Serbia
* L'Arbre brisé (1865)
* Ville d’Avray (1867)
* Femme Lisant (1869)
* Pastorale — Souvenir d'Italie (1873), Glasgow Art Gallery
* Biblis (1875)
* Souvenir de Mortefontaine (1864), Louvre

See also

* Effets de soir
* History of painting
* Western painting

Notes

1. ^ His birth certificate initially indicated 27 messidor (July 16), but this was corrected to 28
2. ^ Gary Tinterow, Michael Pantazzi, and Vincent Pomerède, Corot, Abrams, New York, 1996, p. 5, ISBN 0-87099-769-6
3. ^ a b Tinterow, et al., p. 6
4. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 30
5. ^ Tinterow, et al., pp. 7-8
6. ^ a b Tinterow, et al., p. 8
7. ^ Vincent Pomarède & Gérard de Wallens, Corot: Extraordinary Landscapes, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1996, p. 20, ISBN 0-8109-6327-2
8. ^ Peter Galassi, Corot in Italy, Yale University Press, 1991, p. 57, ISBN 0-300-04957-9
9. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 12
10. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 35
11. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 14
12. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 15
13. ^ Galassi, p. 11
14. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 414
15. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 42
16. ^ Tinterow, et al., pp. 23-24
17. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 57
18. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 22
19. ^ a b c Tinterow, et al., p. 20
20. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 76
21. ^ Galassi, p. 2
22. ^ Galassi, pp. 6-7, 11
23. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 111
24. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 116
25. ^ Pomarède & de Wallens, p. 69
26. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 27
27. ^ a b Tinterow, et al., p. 156
28. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 162
29. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 164
30. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 211
31. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 142
32. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 208
33. ^ a b c Tinterow, et al., p. 150
34. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 145
35. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 148
36. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 149
37. ^ a b Tinterow, et al., p. 271
38. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 152
39. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 227
40. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 262
41. ^ a b Tinterow, et al., p. 266
42. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 270
43. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 272
44. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 273
45. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 267
46. ^ Pomarède & de Wallens, p. 33
47. ^ Tinterow, et al., pp. 289-290
48. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 334, 352
49. ^ Pomarède & de Wallens, p. 70
50. ^ Pomarède & de Wallens, p. 101
51. ^ Pomarède & de Wallens, p. 102
52. ^ Pomarède & de Wallens, p. 109
53. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 383
54. ^ Marc Fehlmann, 'Menn copiste II. Barthélemy Menn et ses contemporains', in: Genava. Revue d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie, Vol. 57, 2009, pp. 61-91, esp. 83-87.
55. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 389
56. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 390
57. ^ Tinterow, et al., p. 393

References

* Clark, Kenneth (1991). Landscape into Art. New York: HarperCollins.
* Leymarie, J. (1979). Corot. Discovering the nineteenth century. Geneva: Skira. ISBN 0-8478-0238-8
* Tinterow, Gary; et al. (1996). Corot. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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